THE EFFECT OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE ON PERFORMANCE THROUGH THE MEDIATING ROLES OF JOB SATISFACTION AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AMONG PAID VOLUNTEERS
Authors: Aga Widyah Perdana Putra, Tri Kartika Pertiwi & Hesty Primarini
ABSTRACT
This study examines the influence of Work-Life Balance on the performance of paid volunteers, with Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement serving as mediating variables. Using structural equation modeling, the analysis confirms that Work-Life Balance significantly enhances performance both directly and indirectly. Involvement Balance was identified as the strongest contributor to the Work-Life Balance construct, indicating the importance of proportional engagement between volunteering roles and personal responsibilities. Job Satisfaction significantly mediated the relationship, with Satisfaction with the Job noted as the most influential indicator. Employee Engagement also acted as a significant mediator, where Dedication showed the strongest loading and Absorption represented the most prominent experiential dimension. These findings highlight the role of balance, emotional attachment, and satisfaction in shaping volunteer performance. The study provides empirical evidence relevant to the management of paid volunteers in event-based organizational settings and emphasizes the need for supportive practices that maintain Work-Life Balance to optimize performance.
Keywords: Work-Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, Employee Engagement, Performance, Paid Volunteer
REFERENCES
- Azka, M. N., Erlina, RR., dan Hayati, K. (2025). The Influence of Work Life Balance on Employee Performance with the Mediation of Employee Engagement: A Study at Pt . Hydro Water Technology. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 25(6), 309-320.
- Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., dan Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2020). Burnout and work engagement: The JD–R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7, 389–411.
- Bang, H., Won, D., & Kim, Y. (2023). Role ambiguity and performance implications in flexible and temporary work arrangements. Journal of Organizational Behavior Research, 12(1), 45–62.
- Chi, H., Vu, T., Nguyen, H. V., dan Truong, T. H. (2023). How Financial and Non– Financial Rewards Moderate the Relationships Between Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance. Cogent Business and Management, 10(1), 1–18.
- Deery, M., dan Jago, L. (2020). Revisiting work–life balance in the hospitality industry: Changes and challenges. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(2), 603–620.
- Gruber, J., & Deschênes, P. (2024). The evolving nature of labor participation in the gig economy: Motivations, structures, and implications. Journal of Contemporary Labor Studies, 19(2), 145–162.
- Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., dan Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
- Hustinx, L., Handy, F., dan Cnaan, R. A. (2020). Reconsidering volunteerism in changing labor markets: Paid, unpaid, and hybrid models of social participation. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 31(2), 223–240.
- Hapsari, D., dan Sutanto, E. (2022). Work-life balance, employee engagement, and job performance among nonprofit volunteers. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial dan Industri, 7(1), 41–52.
- Kumar, A., Singh, R., dan Sharma, P. (2023). The mediating role of employee engagement between work-life balance and performance: Evidence from social organizations. Management Research Review, 46(4), 812–829.
- Lee, Y., dan Chen, H. (2022). Work-life balance and job satisfaction among volunteers in nonprofit organizations. Voluntas, 33(2), 456–473.
- Lukman, F., Ardiansyah, R., & Wahyuni, D. (2023). Work-life balance challenges among students engaged in part-time and volunteer work. Indonesian Journal of Social Psychology, 9(2), 112–128.
- Marpurdianto, K., Yuniningsih, Primarini, H. (2025). Work-Life Balance and Employee Performance: The Mediating Roles of Job Engagement, Satisfaction, and Stress : A Case in an Indonesian Private University. Majalah Ilmiah Bijak, 22(2), 335–346. doi.org/10.31334/bijak.v21i1.4775
- Marques, V. C., dan Berry, G. R. (2021). Enhancing Work‐ Life Balance Using a Resilience Framework. Business and Society Review, 126(3), 263–281.
- Mousa, M., Sauer, S., & Bingley, P. (2020). Altruism and economic incentives in modern volunteering: A comparative perspective. International Journal of Volunteer Studies, 8(3), 201–218.
- Nguyen, T., Tran, P., dan Le, H. (2023). Mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between work-life balance and job performance. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 24(1), 59–75.
- Park, S., dan Lee, K. (2022). Work–life balance and performance: Evidence from flexible work arrangements. Sustainability, 14(7), 4211.
- Putra, I. M., dan Nugraha, D. (2022). The effect of work-life balance on job satisfaction and performance. Jurnal Psikologi Terapan dan Pendidikan, 4(2), 88–97.
- Rahman, F., dan Hidayat, A. (2021). The influence of work-life balance on employee engagement and performance in event-based volunteering. Indonesian Journal of Human Resource Studies, 5(1), 12–25.
- Rahmawati, R. T., Nur, D. I., dan Pertiwi, T. K. (2025). The Influence of Organizational Support on Employee Performance Through Employee Engagement and Proactive Work Behavioramong Employees of The Ngawi Regency Inspectorate. Sosioedukasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan dan Sosial, 14(3), 1972-1986.
- Ramadani, A. R., Puspa Sari, A., Usardi, E. A., Setiani, F. N., dan Gunawan, A. (2024). Dampak gig economy terhadap stabilitas pendapatan dan kesejahteraan pekerja (Studi kasus pada pekerja freelance). Jurnal Spektrum Ekonomi, 7(12).
- Rochim, A., Fauzi, A., dan Primarini, H. (2025). Employee Loyalty and Engagement Mediating The Impact of Transformational Leadership On Employee Performance. Kontigensi: Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 13(1), 150-162.
- Saks, A. M., & Gruman, J. A. (2023). Employee engagement in nonstandard employment relationships: A psychological resource perspective. International Journal of Employment Studies, 31(3), 201–219.
- Sari, R., dan Indrawati, D. (2023). Non-financial rewards, job satisfaction, and work motivation among volunteers. Journal of Social and Organizational Psychology, 6(2), 101–112.
- Schaufeli, W. B. (2021). Engaging leadership and job engagement: Advances in theory and measurement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 30(3), 299–314.
- Sinclair, S., Macleod, E., & Thomson, R. (2023). Managing hybrid and non-traditional labor groups: Post-pandemic challenges and organizational responses. International Review of Social and Organizational Studies, 17(4), 289–305.
- Subarto dan Solihin, D. (2025). The Influence of Work-Life Balance and Employee Engagement on Performance Through Job Satisfaction. Jurnal Economia, 21(1), 106-124.
- Sutanto, E. M., Sigiols, P. J., dan Wijaya, E. N. (2024). Work-Life Balance, Employee Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Indonesian Employees’ Performance. International Journal of Business and Society, 25(3), 832–851. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.8355.2024.
- Tan, Z. M., Aggarwal, N., Cowls, J., Morley, J., dan Taddeo, M. (2021). The ethical debate about the gig economy: A review and critical analysis. Technology in Society, 65, 101594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101594.
- Zhang, Y., Xu, S., Jin, J., dan Ford, M. T. (2021). The within and cross-domain effects of work–family enrichment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 127, 103576.
- Zhao, L., dan Wang, H. (2022). Work-life balance and engagement: A key to sustainable performance in nonprofit organizations. International Journal of Organizational Behavior Studies, 10(2), 90–106.