PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND DIETARY BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS: SCHOOL-BASED STRATEGIES AND HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

Authors: Syed Kamaruzaman Syed Ali, Li Yihan, Rahimi Md Saad, & Azni Yati Kamarudin

ABSTRACT

This article synthesizes empirical evidence on school-based strategies to improve physical activity and dietary behavior among adolescents. We show that these unhealthy habits are global issues influenced by institutional policies and environmental factors. Analysis of research reveals that effective interventions must be multi-component, addressing both macro-level urban conditions and micro-level school strategies. We identify three key factors for successful implementation: a well-organized school environment, fidelity of policy, and attention to external constraints. The co-occurrence of physical inactivity and poor diet is linked to negative health outcomes, including depressive symptoms and reduced cognitive function, with physiological evidence supporting a synergistic effect from integrated interventions. We propose a triadic intervention model focusing on curriculum integration, experiential learning, and structural environment modification. Ultimately, a holistic, “whole-school” approach that aligns curriculum, experience, and culture is essential for sustainable and equitable adolescent health transformation.

Keywords: Adolescent health, school-based interventions, physical inactivity, dietary behavior, health promotion

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